The vapors of nitrogen mustard 3 and chlorpicrin were recognized as different alarm classes, depending on their concentrations. rine was recognized as "BLOOD" with an LOD of 820 mg m-3 The vapor of chlo.
The vapors of nerve gases, sarin, soman, tabun, cyclohexylsarin were recognized as "NERVE" after about several seconds of sampling, and the limits of detection (LOD) were.
#The stockpile clever mo portable#
The detection performance of a portable 241Am ionization aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer (M90-D1-C, Environics Oy) was investigated with nerve gases, blister agents, blood agents, choking agents and related compounds. Also, policy should be put in place for the necessary regulation and management of e-wastes and recycling of lead from them. The lead-extract should be treated in plastic (PVC) reactors to get lead (II) oxide for recycling to the industry. It is recommended that e-waste materials containing lead should be recovered and separated for hand-dismantling and mechanical extraction of old solder (lead) by use of soldering iron. Glass was also considered inadvisable on account of breakages and the attendant wastes while plastic (PVC) material was considered best for chemical extraction and recycling process of lead from e-waste materials. Among the commonly used chemical reactor materials (metals, copper, iron, zinc, alloys glass and plastic) the metals were considered unsuitable as reactor materials on account of interfering reactions. This study extracted lead from e-waste materials and converted it to an industrial good, lead (II) oxide, for recycling to the industry. There is the need to reclaim and/or recycle components e-wastes growing in quantity in Africa. This practice contributes to health and environmental hazards and unsustainable development. Moreso, as the continent weak in environmental regulation. Along with the hazardous chemical substances contained in them in significant quantity they are often discarded improperly. As a result of high poverty level in Africa, however, the consumption of ICTs is concentrated on the inferior and used components, which soon become unserviceable and abandoned. Environmental sustainability education needs to be mainstreamed in the curricula of schools and universities while awareness creation on environmental pollution needs to be given the seriousness it deserves.Īdaptation of the Information Communications Technologies (ICTs) is growing in many African countries determined to access the global market system driven by ICTs. It is recommended that anti-graft agencies be overhauled. Implementation and monitoring are wishy-washy and din-don affairs crippled by widening and deepening corruption. Participation of the people in policy formulation and implementation is lacking in Nigeria. Rather, they are mostly guidelines and standards adapted from the adopted and approved materials of the appropriate system of the United Nations, thereby compromising socio-economic and climatic differences. Many of them were not formulated with contributions from informed masses, nor based on nationally generated baseline data.
Not only that many of the policies are dated, many are fragmented. This review study is a critique of these policies. In the bid to manage and control widespread anthropogenic environmental degradation, Nigeria formulated environmental protection policies, spanning 1915 to 1992. It covers the meaning, categories, instances of use, method of destructive action, and
#The stockpile clever mo update#
This review is an attempt to harmonise and update the literature on chemical weapons. The literature on chemical weapons is scanty, fragmented and dated. Mustard, an insidious material, penetrates leather and fabrics and inflicts painful burns on the skin. In 1917, the Germans employed mustard shells for the first time and simultaneously attempted to use a solid particulate emetic, diphenyl chlorarsine, as a mask breaker. Shortly thereafter, the French put phosgene in a projectile and this method became the principal means of delivery. The Germans first opened canisters of chlorine and let the prevailing winds do the dissemination. They are man-made agents that use the toxic, rather than the explosive, properties of chemical substances, and have been classified as weapons of mass destruction and "condemned by the civilised world". Since World War I, when aerosol was used effectively on numerous occasions by both sides to alter the outcome of battles, chemical weapons continue to be used to inflict death or harm on human beings. Despite numerous international agreements in force with regard to chemical weapons, reparedness doctrine anticipates the potential for their future use.
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